Heat and temperature

In short: Temperature describes how strongly the particles of a substance move. Heat is the energy that flows from a warmer to a colder body.

In more detail: Temperature is not an amount of energy but a measure of the average kinetic energy. A bucket of lukewarm water contains more heat than a hot pin.

In detail

• Scales: Celsius (freezing point of water 0 °C), Kelvin (absolute zero 0 K = −273.15 °C), Fahrenheit.
• Heat transfer: Conduction (contact), convection (flowing liquids and gases) and thermal radiation.
• Heat capacity: Water stores a lot of heat. That is why radiators use water and oceans damp weather swings.
• Insulation: Air and foam conduct poorly and keep heat in the house (aggregatzustaende).
• Thermodynamics: Heat flows by itself only from warm to cold.