Freedom of the press and freedom of expression

In short: Freedom of expression allows everyone to freely voice their opinion, freedom of the press protects independent reporting. Both are pillars of democracy but have limits.

In more detail: Article 5 of the Basic Law protects freedom of expression, information, press and broadcasting; there is no censorship.

In detail

• Freedom of expression: Also applies to uncomfortable or critical statements.
• Limits: Insult, defamation, incitement to hatred and calls for violence are not protected.
• Freedom of the press: Journalists may research and protect sources.
• Media diversity: Prevents concentration of power; public service broadcasting offers basic provision.
• Fake news: False reports endanger debate (medienkompetenz-und-fake-news-quellen-prüfen).
• Digital platforms: Moderation and deletion of content are controversial (filterblase-und-algorithmen).
• Worldwide: In many countries journalists are threatened or imprisoned.
• As a citizen: Discuss respectfully, check sources (netiquette-online-kommunikation).