Heatstroke and sunstroke: first aid

In short: Heatstroke and sunstroke are both serious consequences of excessive heat exposure but differ in cause and symptoms. Heatstroke can be life-threatening and requires fast action.

In more detail: While sunstroke results from direct sun exposure to the uncovered head, heatstroke results from a failure of the body’s own temperature regulation.

Note: Not a substitute for medical advice or professional emergency help.

In detail

• Sunstroke symptoms: A bright red, hot head, headache, dizziness, and nausea typically occur after prolonged sun exposure to the head.
• Heatstroke symptoms: Very high body temperature above 40 degrees, dry, hot skin, impaired consciousness, and sometimes seizures characterise heatstroke.
• Immediate action for sunstroke: The affected person should be moved to the shade, positioned with the head slightly raised, and treated with damp, cool cloths.
• Immediate action for heatstroke: The person must be cooled down quickly, for example with cool, damp cloths over the whole body, while simultaneously calling emergency services.
• At-risk groups: Small children, elderly people, and those with pre-existing conditions are especially vulnerable to both conditions.
• Prevention: Headwear, adequate drinking, and avoiding direct sun exposure during midday hours significantly reduce the risk.
• Emergency signs: Unconsciousness, persistent vomiting, or seizures always require an immediate emergency call (erste-hilfe-grundlagen, hitze-im-sommer-richtig-schuetzen).