Scientific work: the basics

In short: Scientific work means investigating questions systematically, comprehensibly and verifiably. This includes hypotheses, evidence, methods and proper citation.

In more detail: Science strives for verifiable knowledge, not for certainty.

In detail

• Research question and hypothesis: A precise question, a testable assumption.
• Methods: Observation, experiment, survey, literature analysis (stichproben-und-umfragen-richtig-bewerten).
• Evidence: Data and sources instead of opinions (trugschluesse-erkennen).
• Reproducibility: Others must be able to verify the result.
• Peer review: Experts check articles before publication.
• Falsifiability: A good hypothesis can be refuted (Popper) (erkenntnistheorie-wissen-und-glauben).
• Correlation and causation: Association does not prove cause (korrelation-und-kausalitaet).
• Honesty: Do not manipulate data, give sources (quellen-richtig-angeben-zitieren-und-plagiate-vermeiden).