Earthworms and their importance for soil

In short: Earthworms loosen the soil with their burrows, significantly improving its aeration and water uptake. Their castings, known as worm humus, are among the most nutrient-rich natural fertilizers.

In more detail: By feeding on dead plant material and soil, earthworms break down and mix organic matter with mineral soil, making nutrients available to plants.

In detail

• Burrow systems: Worm tunnels create cavities that make it easier for water, air, and plant roots to penetrate the soil.
• Worm humus: Worm castings contain concentrated nutrients and beneficial microorganisms that promote plant growth.
• Soil structure: Constantly mixing upper and deeper soil layers creates a loose, crumbly structure.
• Indicator of soil health: Many earthworms in a soil are considered a sign of good soil quality without compaction or chemical burden.
• Reproduction: Earthworms are hermaphrodites, so each individual can both lay eggs and produce sperm.
• Threats: Pesticides, soil compaction from heavy machinery, and drought strongly harm earthworm populations (bodenaufbau-und-humus).
• Encouraging them in the garden: Mulching and avoiding chemical fertilizers maintain a healthy earthworm population in your own garden (mulchen-im-garten).