Bats: basics

In short: Bats are the only mammals capable of active flight and use a sophisticated echolocation system to navigate in darkness. They play an important ecological role as insect hunters and pollinators.

In more detail: There are over 1,400 bat species worldwide, making up about a fifth of all mammal species.

In detail

• Ability to fly: The wing membrane between elongated finger bones allows bats true, active flight rather than just gliding.
• Echolocation: By emitting high-frequency calls and interpreting the echoes, bats can navigate precisely and locate prey even in complete darkness.
• Insect control: A single bat can eat hundreds to thousands of insects in one night, contributing to natural pest control.
• Hibernation and migration: Many native bat species hibernate in caves or cellars, while some species migrate long distances to warmer regions.
• Reproduction: Bats usually have only one pup per year, which is initially carried clinging to the mother.
• Threats: Habitat loss, pesticide use, and disturbances in winter roosts significantly threaten many bat species.
• Myths and facts: Contrary to popular belief, bats aren’t blind but rely on a combination of sight and echolocation (voegel-und-vogelzug, saeugetiere-ueberblick).