Fingernails: structure and care

In short: Like hair, fingernails consist mainly of the protein keratin and grow continuously from the nail root. Their condition can occasionally give clues about general health.

In more detail: Unlike hair, fingernails grow from living cells in the nail matrix located beneath the cuticle.

Note: Not a substitute for medical advice.

In detail

• Nail matrix: In this area at the nail root, new cells are constantly formed, hardening and pushing the visible nail forward.
• Growth rate: Fingernails grow on average about three millimetres per month, with growth usually fastest on the middle finger.
• Cuticle: The cuticle at the base of the nail protects the sensitive matrix from bacteria and shouldn’t be forcibly removed when trimming.
• Changes as warning signs: Grooves, discolouration, or brittle nails can indicate nutrient deficiencies, fungal infections, or other health issues.
• Proper care: Regularly moisturising the cuticle and avoiding harsh cleaning agents without gloves protects nails from drying out.
• Cutting technique: Fingernails should be cut rounder, while toenails should be cut straight across to prevent ingrown nails.
• Nail polish and gel: Continuous use of nail polish or artificial extensions can weaken nails long-term if no recovery breaks are planned (haare-aufbau-und-wachstum, haut-aufbau-und-funktionen).