The brain: structure and neuroplasticity

In short: The human brain weighs about 1.4 kg and contains around 86 billion nerve cells (neurons) connected through synapses. Through learning these connections change throughout life: this is called neuroplasticity.

In more detail: Neurons conduct electrical signals and pass on chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) at the synapses.

In detail

• Cerebrum: Thinking, language, perception, movement control; two halves with a cortex.
• Cerebellum: Coordination and balance.
• Brainstem: Breathing, heartbeat, wakefulness.
• Hippocampus: Important for storing new memories (gedaechtnis-und-arbeitsgedaechtnis).
• Plasticity: “Neurons that fire together wire together”: practice strengthens connections.
• Promotion: Exercise, sleep, learning and social contact keep the brain fit (schlafhygiene-besser-schlafen).
• Myth: We do not use only ten percent of the brain. Almost all areas are active.