Reading maps and scale

In short: A map reduces reality. The scale says by how much: at 1:50,000, 1 cm on the map equals 500 m in the field. Legend, contour lines and direction help with reading.

In more detail: The larger the number in the scale, the smaller the scale shown and the fewer details are visible.

In detail

• Converting scale: Distance on the map (cm) times scale number, then convert to metres or kilometres.
• Legend: Explains symbols for roads, waters, forest, settlements.
• Contour lines: Connect points of equal height. Close together means steep.
• North: Usually at the top. A compass helps orient the map (kompass-und-himmelsrichtungen).
• Map types: Topographic map, hiking map, city map, thematic map.
• Digital maps: Satellite images and GPS complement paper maps (wandern-sicher-planen).