Countries of Europe and their capitals

In short: Europe has around 44 states; the number depends on the delimitation. Knowing the capitals helps with geographic orientation. The EU has 27 member states.

In more detail: Europe’s borders are partly convention: the Urals in the east, the Caucasus in the southeast and the straits at the Bosporus.

In detail

• Western Europe: France (Paris), Belgium (Brussels), Netherlands (Amsterdam), Luxembourg, United Kingdom (London), Ireland (Dublin).
• Central Europe: Germany (Berlin), Austria (Vienna), Switzerland (Bern), Poland (Warsaw), Czechia (Prague), Hungary (Budapest).
• Northern Europe: Denmark (Copenhagen), Sweden (Stockholm), Norway (Oslo), Finland (Helsinki), Iceland (Reykjavík).
• Southern Europe: Spain (Madrid), Portugal (Lisbon), Italy (Rome), Greece (Athens).
• Eastern Europe: Ukraine (Kyiv), Romania (Bucharest), Bulgaria (Sofia).
• Microstates: Vatican City, Monaco, San Marino, Liechtenstein, Malta.
• Languages: Europe has over 200 languages (europaeische-union-geschichte-und-aufbau, deutschland-bundeslaender-ueberblick).