Coral reefs and their importance

In short: Coral reefs form from the limestone skeletons of tiny coral polyps and are among the most species-rich ecosystems on Earth. They are also particularly sensitive to ocean warming and acidification.

In more detail: Reef-building corals live in close symbiosis with algae that provide them with energy and give them their colourful appearance.

In detail

• Reef formation: Over thousands of years, coral structures grow into vast reef systems such as the Great Barrier Reef.
• Biodiversity: Although they cover only a tiny fraction of the ocean floor, reefs host a large share of marine biodiversity.
• Coral bleaching: Rising water temperatures cause the loss of symbiotic algae, turning corals white and potentially killing them.
• Ocean acidification: More CO2 in the water makes it harder for corals to build their limestone skeletons.
• Coastal protection: Reefs dampen waves and protect coastlines from erosion and storm damage.
• Economic importance: Fishing and tourism around coral reefs provide income for many coastal regions.
• Protection measures: Marine protected areas and reducing CO2 emissions are seen as key levers for reef protection (meere-und-meeresstroemungen, regenwald-und-seine-bedeutung).