GUI
In short: A GUI (graphical user interface) is a graphical interface with windows, icons and menus.
In more detail: It replaces or complements the command line (command line). It is operated with mouse, touch or keyboard.
In Depth
Frameworks
Desktop: WPF, Qt, JavaFX, Swing. Web: HTML/CSS/JavaScript. Mobile: Android Views, SwiftUI.
Events
GUIs are event-driven: click, key press and window size trigger methods. See UI, UX, MVVM.