Trackpad
In short: A trackpad (touchpad) is a touch-sensitive surface used to control the mouse pointer.
In more detail: It usually works capacitively and detects several fingers at once (multitouch).
In Depth
Gestures
Two fingers to scroll, pinch to zoom, three to four fingers to switch windows.
Pros and cons
Replaces the mouse on the go but is less precise for exact work. There are also external trackpads, for example from Apple. See laptops, keyboard.