ID
In short: An ID (identifier) is a unique value that designates an object, a person or a record.
In more detail: Examples: user ID in a database, ID card number, IMEI of a phone, UUID.
In Depth
In technology
Databases mostly use a primary key ID that is counted up automatically or a UUID. IDs should not reveal anything personal and should not be guessable if publicly visible.
Security
If the ID is in the URL (for example /user/42), the server must still check whether access is allowed. If that is missing it is called IDOR.
See also
identity, digital ID, identifiers.
See also: Identity, Digital ID, Identifiers